Respiratory System and Covid -19

COVID-19 is a respiratory virus and disease. It is spread by small droplets from coughs and sneezes and from touching infected surfaces. As of posting date, we know that at least 80 percent of people who are infected with the virus will have anywhere from no symptoms to mild to moderate flu-like symptoms, including a fever and cough. The remaining 20 percent may develop more severe cases of coronavirus may develop pneumonia or severe acute respiratory syndrome.

How Does COVID-19 Affect the Lungs?

Coronavirus can affect the upper respiratory system (nose, sinuses and throat) with flu-like symptoms, the lower respiratory system (airways and lungs) by causing cough with or without mucous and difficulty breathing. When COVID-19 is severe it can bring on pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

When Coronavirus is Severe

If COVID-19 goes deep into the lungs, it can cause pneumonia. Pneumonia is a concern for older people because they have reduced lung capacity, require longer recover time and have age-weakened immune systems.

Pneumonia that is caused by coronavirus may be more severe, affect many parts of the lungs, and cause shock, organ damage, abnormal blood clotting, acute respiratory distress syndrome and deteriorating health.

How Pneumonia Affects the Lungs

When healthy lungs inhale, the lungs and their 480 million tiny air sacs (alveoli) fill with oxygen. These little air sacs get rid of carbon dioxide when you exhale and pass oxygen into the blood vessels.

Pneumonia causes the air sacs to become infected and inflamed. This causes fluid and inflammatory cells to build up in the lungs and prevents oxygen from getting through, causing severe breathing difficulties and lack of oxygen in the blood.

Symptoms of Severe Pneumonia Caused by Coronavirus

Fever
Fatigue
Cough (with and without mucous)
Loss of appetite
Muscle aches
Significant shortness of breath
Chest pain (especially under the breastbone)
Rapid breathing
Sweats
Headache
Weakness

ENDOCRINE AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 

The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.The endocrine system is made up of the pitiitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glans, adrenal glands, arenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females) and testicles (in males).

 

Diseases of the endocrine system

• Hormone levels that are too high or too low indicate a problem with the endocrine system. Hormone diseases also occur if your body does not respond to hormones in the appropriate ways. Stress, infection and changes in the blood's fluid and electrolyte balance can also influence hormone levels.


• The most common endocrine disease in the United States is diabeltes,  a condition in which the body does not properly process glucose, a simple sugar. This is due to the lack of insulin or, if the body is producing insulin, because the body is not working effectively.


• Another disorder, hypothyroidism, a parathyroid disease, occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's needs.

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 

The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organsin bs oth males and females that work together for the purpose of procreating.  Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many scientists argue that the reproductive system is among the most important systems in the entire body.

What is the main function of the  female reproductive system?

The female reproductive system has two functions: The first is to produce egg cells, and the second is to protect and nourish the offspring until birth. The male reproductive system has one function, and it is to produce and deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation.

The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception,  the fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes.

What is the main function of the male reproductive system?

The purpose of the organs of the male reproductive system  is to perform the following functions:

• To produce, maintain, and transport sperm  (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen)
• To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex.
• To produce and secrete male sex  hormones responsible for maintaining the male reproductive system